博客学习参考视频
一、Ribbon 负载均衡服务调用
① 概述
1.是什么
2.官网资料
https://github.com/Netflix/ribbon/wiki/Getting-Started
Ribbon 目前也进入维护模式
未来替换方案
3.能干嘛
- LB(负载均衡) : 集中式 LB、 进程内 LB ,前面我们写过了 80 通过轮询负载访问 8001/8002
一句话: 负载均衡+RestTemplate 调用
② Ribbon 负载均衡演示
1.架构说明
总结
: Ribbon 其实就是一个软负载均衡的客户端组件,他可以和其他所需请求的客户端结合使用,和 eureka 结合只是其中的一个实例。
2.POM
3.RestTemplate 的使用
官网:https://docs.spring.io/spring-framework/docs/5.2.2.RELEASE/javadoc-api/org/springframework/web/client/RestTemplate.html
getForObject 方法/getForEntity 方法
postForObject/postForEntity
③ Ribbon 核心组件 IRule
1.IRule
根据特定算法从服务列表中选取一个要访问的服务
- com.netflix.loadbalancer.RoundRobinRule 轮询
- com.netflix.loadbalancer.RandomRule 随机
- com.netflix.loadbalancer.RetryRule: 先按照 RoundRobinRule 的策略获取服务, 如果获取服务失败则在指定时间内会进行重试
- WeightedResponseTimeRule : 对 RoundRobinRule 的扩展, 响应速度越快的实例选择权重越大, 越容易被选择
- BestAvailableRule : 会先过滤掉由于多次访问故障而处于断路器跳闸状态的服务, 然后选择一个并发量最小的服务
- AvailabilityFilteringRule : 先过滤掉故障实例, 再选择并发较小的实例
- ZoneAvoidanceRule: 默认规则, 复合判断 server 所在区域的性能和 server 的可用性选择服务器
2.如何替换
修改 cloud-consumer-order80
注意配置细节
新建 package: com.oy.myrule
主启动类添加@RibbonClient
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| import com.oy.myrule.MySelfRule; import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication; import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication; import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.eureka.EnableEurekaClient; import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.ribbon.RibbonClient;
@SpringBootApplication @EnableEurekaClient @RibbonClient(name = "CLOUD-PAYMENT-SERVICE",configuration = MySelfRule.class) public class OrderMain80 { public static void main(String[] args) { SpringApplication.run(OrderMain80.class, args); } }
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测试
http://localhost/consumer/payment/get/1
④ Ribbon 负载均衡算法
1.原理
2.RoundRobinRule 源码
3.手写
7001/7002 集群启动
8001/8002 微服务改造
Controller:
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| @GetMapping(value = "/payment/lib") public String getPaymentLB(){ return serverPort; }
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80 订单微服务改造
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| package com.oy.springcloud.lb;
import org.springframework.cloud.client.ServiceInstance; import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
import java.util.List; import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicInteger;
@Component public class MyLB implements LoadBalancer{
private AtomicInteger atomicInteger = new AtomicInteger(0);
private final int getAndIncrement(){ int current; int next; do{ current = this.atomicInteger.get(); next = current >= 2147483647 ? 0 : current+1; }while (!this.atomicInteger.compareAndSet(current,next)); System.out.println("******第几次访问,次数next:" + next + ",current:"+ current); return next; }
@Override public ServiceInstance instances(List<ServiceInstance> serviceInstances) {
int index = getAndIncrement() % serviceInstances.size(); return serviceInstances.get(index); } }
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@RestController public class OrderController {
@Resource private RestTemplate restTemplate;
@Resource LoadBalancer loadBalancer;
@GetMapping(value = "/consumer/payment/lb") public String getPaymentLB(){
List<ServiceInstance> instances = discoveryClient.getInstances("CLOUD-PAYMENT-SERVICE");
if(instances == null || instances.size() <= 0){ return null; } ServiceInstance serviceInstance = loadBalancer.instances(instances); URI uri = serviceInstance.getUri(); return restTemplate.getForObject(uri+"/payment/lb",String.class);
}
}
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_效果_:
二、OpenFeign 服务接口调用
① 概述
1.OpenFeign 是什么
Feign 是一个声明式的 web 服务客户端,让编写 web 服务客户端变得非常容易,只需要创建一个接口上添加注解即可
GitHub: https://github.com/spring-cloud/spring-cloud-openfeign
2.能干嘛
3.Feign 和 OpenFeign 两者区别
② OpenFeign 使用步骤
接口 + 注解: 微服务调用接口 + @FeignClient
新建 cloud-consumer-feign-order80
Feign 在消费端使用
POM
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| <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd"> <parent> <artifactId>clould</artifactId> <groupId>com.oy</groupId> <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version> </parent> <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<artifactId>cloud-consumer-feign-order80</artifactId>
<dependencies> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId> <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-openfeign</artifactId> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId> <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-client</artifactId></dependency> <dependency> <groupId>com.oy</groupId> <artifactId>cloud-api-commons</artifactId> <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-actuator</artifactId> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-devtools</artifactId> <scope>runtime</scope> <optional>true</optional> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId> <artifactId>lombok</artifactId> <optional>true</optional> </dependency> <dependency><groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId> <scope>test</scope> </dependency> </dependencies> </project>
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YML
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| server: port: 80 eureka: client: register-with-eureka: false service-url: defaultZone: http://eureka7001.com:7001/eureka,http://eureka7002.com:7002/eureka
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主启动类 : @ EnableFeignClients
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| @SpringBootApplication @EnableFeignClients public class OrderFeignMain80 { public static void main(String[] args) { SpringApplication.run(OrderFeignMain80.class, args); } }
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业务类
- 业务逻辑接口 + @FeignClient 配置调用 provider 服务
- 新建 PaymentFeignService 接口并新增注解 @FeignClient
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| @Component @FeignClient(value = "CLOUD-PAYMENT-SERVICE") public interface PaymentFeignService {
@GetMapping(value = "/payment/get/{id}") public CommonResult getPaymentById(@PathVariable("id") Long id); }
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Controller
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| @RestController public class OrderFeignController {
@Resource private PaymentFeignService paymentFeignService;
@GetMapping(value = "/consumer/payment/get/{id}") public CommonResult<Payment> getPaymentById(@PathVariable("id")Long id){ return paymentFeignService.getPaymentById(id);
} }
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测试
小总结
③ OpenFeign 超时控制
1.超时设置,故意设置超时演示出错情况
服务提供方 8001 故意写暂停程序
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| @GetMapping(value = "/payment/feign/timeout") public String paymentFeignTimeOut(){ try { TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(3); } catch (InterruptedException e) { e.printStackTrace(); }
return serverPort; }
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服务消费方 80 添加超时方法 PaymentFeignService
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| @Component @FeignClient(value = "CLOUD-PAYMENT-SERVICE") public interface PaymentFeignService {
@GetMapping(value = "/payment/feign/timeout") public String paymentFeignTimeOut();
@GetMapping(value = "/payment/get/{id}") public CommonResult getPaymentById(@PathVariable("id") Long id); }
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服务消费方 80 添加超时方法 OrderFeignController
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| @GetMapping(value = "/consumer/payment/feign/timeout") public String paymentFeignTimeOut(){ return paymentFeignService.paymentFeignTimeOut(); }
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测试:
2.OpenFeign 默认等待一秒钟, 超过后报错
3.是什么
默认 Feign 客户端等待一秒,但是服务器处理需要超过 1 秒钟,导致 Feign 客户端不想等待了,直接返回报错。为了避免这样的情况,有时候我们需要设置 Feign 客户端的超时控制。
在 yml 文件中开启配置
4.YML 文件里需要开启 OpenFeign 客户端超时控制
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| server: port: 80 eureka: client: register-with-eureka: false service-url: defaultZone: http://eureka7001.com:7001/eureka,http://eureka7002.com:7002/eureka
ribbon: ReadTimeout: 5000 ConnectTimeout: 5000
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测试:
http://localhost/consumer/payment/feign/timeout
④ OpenFeign 日志打印功能
1.日志打印功能
2.是什么
3.日志级别
4.配置日志 bean
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| package com.oy.springcloud;
import feign.Logger; import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean; import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
@Configuration public class FeignConfig {
@Bean Logger.Level feignLoggerLevel(){ return Logger.Level.FULL; } }
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5.YML 文件里面需要开启日志的 Feign 客户端
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| logging: level: com.oy.springcloud.service.PaymentFeignService: debug
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6.后台日志查看