k8s集群搭建

一、安装准备

所有机器都需要操作

• 关闭防火墙

systemctl stop firewalld && systemctl disable firewalld

• 各个机器设置自己的主机名

hostnamectl set-hostname k8s-master

hostnamectl set-hostname k8s-node1

hostnamectl set-hostname k8s-node2

• 将 SELinux 设置为 permissive 模式（相当于将其禁用）

sudo setenforce 0
sudo sed -i 's/^SELINUX=enforcing$/SELINUX=permissive/' /etc/selinux/config

• 关闭 swap

swapoff -a
sed -ri 's/.*swap.*/#&/' /etc/fstab

• 允许 iptables 检查桥接流量

cat <<EOF | sudo tee /etc/modules-load.d/k8s.conf
br_netfilter
EOF

cat <<EOF | sudo tee /etc/sysctl.d/k8s.conf
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-ip6tables = 1
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-iptables = 1
EOF

sudo sysctl --system

注意：云服务器安全组记得根据自己的实际情况放行端口

二、docker 安装

所有机器都需要操作

• 移除以前 docker 相关包 （新机器一般没有必要执行）

sudo yum remove docker \
                  docker-client \
                  docker-client-latest \
                  docker-common \
                  docker-latest \
                  docker-latest-logrotate \
                  docker-logrotate \
                  docker-engine

• 配置 yum 源

sudo yum install -y yum-utils

sudo yum-config-manager \
--add-repo \
http://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo

• 安装 docker

yum install -y docker-ce-20.10.7 docker-ce-cli-20.10.7  containerd.io-1.4.6

• 启动

systemctl enable docker --now

• 配置加速

sudo mkdir -p /etc/docker
sudo tee /etc/docker/daemon.json <<-'EOF'
{
  "registry-mirrors": ["https://82m9ar63.mirror.aliyuncs.com"],
  "exec-opts": ["native.cgroupdriver=systemd"],
  "log-driver": "json-file",
  "log-opts": {
    "max-size": "100m"
  },
  "storage-driver": "overlay2"
}
EOF

sudo systemctl daemon-reload
sudo systemctl restart docker

三、安装 kubelet、kubeadm、kubectl

所有机器都需要操作

• kubernetes 添加阿里云 yum 源

cat <<EOF | sudo tee /etc/yum.repos.d/kubernetes.repo
[kubernetes]
name=Kubernetes
baseurl=http://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/repos/kubernetes-el7-x86_64
enabled=1
gpgcheck=0
repo_gpgcheck=0
gpgkey=http://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/doc/yum-key.gpg
   http://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/doc/rpm-package-key.gpg
exclude=kubelet kubeadm kubectl
EOF

sudo yum install -y kubelet-1.20.9 kubeadm-1.20.9 kubectl-1.20.9 --disableexcludes=kubernetes

sudo systemctl enable --now kubelet

kubelet 现在每隔几秒就会重启，因为它陷入了一个等待 kubeadm 指令的死循环

四、kubeadm 引导集群

• 下载各个机器需要的镜像 (3 台机器都执行)

sudo tee ./images.sh <<-'EOF'
#!/bin/bash
images=(
kube-apiserver:v1.20.9
kube-proxy:v1.20.9
kube-controller-manager:v1.20.9
kube-scheduler:v1.20.9
coredns:1.7.0
etcd:3.4.13-0
pause:3.2
)
for imageName in ${images[@]} ; do
docker pull registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/lfy_k8s_images/$imageName
done
EOF

chmod +x ./images.sh && ./images.sh

• 初始化主节点 （主节点）

#所有机器添加master域名映射，以下需要修改为自己的（我用的是公网IP，根据自己情况）
echo "172.17.0.1  cluster-endpoint" >> /etc/hosts

测试：是否能够 ping

ping cluster-endpoint

master 节点初始化

kubeadm init \
--apiserver-advertise-address=172.17.0.1 \
--control-plane-endpoint=cluster-endpoint \
--image-repository registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/lfy_k8s_images \
--kubernetes-version v1.20.9 \
--service-cidr=10.96.0.0/16 \
--pod-network-cidr=192.168.0.0/16

1. apiserver-advertise-address: 换成自己的 IP
2. 所有网络范围不重叠，可以使用 ip a 命令查一下，保证 service-cidr、pod-network-cidr 不重叠

需要执行以下命令：

mkdir -p $HOME/.kube
sudo cp -i /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf $HOME/.kube/config
sudo chown $(id -u):$(id -g) $HOME/.kube/config

以下需要先保存一下，用于 node 节点加入：

**注意**：如果使用的是公网 IP，需要执行以下指令，才能成功

• 具体可以参考这篇博客：http://t.csdn.cn/arU3H

# 看一下你的公网IP是否在机器中存在
ip a | grep 38.62.27.3

# 如果没有就执行下面这段代码新增一个和公网IP一样的虚拟网卡IP
cat > /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0:1 <<EOF
BOOTPROTO=static
DEVICE=eth0:1
IPADDR=38.62.27.3
PREFIX=32
TYPE=Ethernet
USERCTL=no
ONBOOT=yes
EOF

# 初始化kubeadm
systemctl restart network

# 初始化
kubeadm init \
--apiserver-advertise-address=38.62.27.3 \
--control-plane-endpoint=cluster-endpoint \
--image-repository registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/lfy_k8s_images \
--kubernetes-version v1.20.9 \
--service-cidr=10.96.0.0/16 \
--pod-network-cidr=192.168.0.0/16

# 如果出现报错就执行这个
echo 1 > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_forward

注意：如果创建的令牌过期或忘记，执行下面指令

kubeadm token create --print-join-command

五、部署 calico 网络插件

• 网络插件 yaml 下载

curl https://docs.projectcalico.org/archive/v3.21/manifests/calico.yaml -O

• 下载 calico 镜像压缩包，然后手动上传至每台主机 (全部机器)

链接：https://pan.baidu.com/s/184l82cuhLZqxEhEp66CRnw?pwd=z5bz
提取码：z5bz

• 每个节点手动通过 docker 离线加载镜像 (全部机器)

docker load -i calico~cni~v3.21.6.tar.gz
docker load -i calico~kube~controllers~v3.21.6.tar.gz
docker load -i calico~node~v3.21.6.tar.gz
docker load -i calico~pod2daemon~v3.21.6.tar.gz

• 通过命令 docker images | grep calico 查看是否成功

• 在 master 节点执行命令进行 calico 插件安装

kubectl apply -f calico.yaml

#删除pod
kubectl delete -f calico.yaml

六、加入 node 节点

kubeadm join cluster-endpoint:6443 --token b1crbq.dhj7newkj7hbbupv \
    --discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:2a698be5420f6dec36cc1e3358e927ad12af61c211c11ec8c43aeff337822f92

切换到 master 服务器执行一下命令查看节点加入情况

#查看集群所有节点
kubectl get nodes

#查看集群部署了哪些应用
kubectl get pods -A

# 详细
kubectl get pods -A -w

#查看指定名称空间的 pods
kubectl get pods -n kube-system

# 查看所有名称空间的 pods
kubectl get pods –all-namespace

## 当每个节点都是Ready，表示完成。

七、部署 dashboard

• 部署

kubectl apply -f https://raw.githubusercontent.com/kubernetes/dashboard/v2.3.1/aio/deploy/recommended.yaml

如果下载不了，使用以下文件内容

# Copyright 2017 The Kubernetes Authors.
#
# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
# You may obtain a copy of the License at
#
#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
#
# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
# limitations under the License.

apiVersion: v1
kind: Namespace
metadata:
  name: kubernetes-dashboard

---
apiVersion: v1
kind: ServiceAccount
metadata:
  labels:
    k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
  name: kubernetes-dashboard
  namespace: kubernetes-dashboard

---
kind: Service
apiVersion: v1
metadata:
  labels:
    k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
  name: kubernetes-dashboard
  namespace: kubernetes-dashboard
spec:
  ports:
    - port: 443
      targetPort: 8443
  selector:
    k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard

---
apiVersion: v1
kind: Secret
metadata:
  labels:
    k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
  name: kubernetes-dashboard-certs
  namespace: kubernetes-dashboard
type: Opaque

---
apiVersion: v1
kind: Secret
metadata:
  labels:
    k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
  name: kubernetes-dashboard-csrf
  namespace: kubernetes-dashboard
type: Opaque
data:
  csrf: ""

---
apiVersion: v1
kind: Secret
metadata:
  labels:
    k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
  name: kubernetes-dashboard-key-holder
  namespace: kubernetes-dashboard
type: Opaque

---
kind: ConfigMap
apiVersion: v1
metadata:
  labels:
    k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
  name: kubernetes-dashboard-settings
  namespace: kubernetes-dashboard

---
kind: Role
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
metadata:
  labels:
    k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
  name: kubernetes-dashboard
  namespace: kubernetes-dashboard
rules:
  # Allow Dashboard to get, update and delete Dashboard exclusive secrets.
  - apiGroups: [""]
    resources: ["secrets"]
    resourceNames:
      [
        "kubernetes-dashboard-key-holder",
        "kubernetes-dashboard-certs",
        "kubernetes-dashboard-csrf",
      ]
    verbs: ["get", "update", "delete"]
    # Allow Dashboard to get and update 'kubernetes-dashboard-settings' config map.
  - apiGroups: [""]
    resources: ["configmaps"]
    resourceNames: ["kubernetes-dashboard-settings"]
    verbs: ["get", "update"]
    # Allow Dashboard to get metrics.
  - apiGroups: [""]
    resources: ["services"]
    resourceNames: ["heapster", "dashboard-metrics-scraper"]
    verbs: ["proxy"]
  - apiGroups: [""]
    resources: ["services/proxy"]
    resourceNames:
      [
        "heapster",
        "http:heapster:",
        "https:heapster:",
        "dashboard-metrics-scraper",
        "http:dashboard-metrics-scraper",
      ]
    verbs: ["get"]

---
kind: ClusterRole
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
metadata:
  labels:
    k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
  name: kubernetes-dashboard
rules:
  # Allow Metrics Scraper to get metrics from the Metrics server
  - apiGroups: ["metrics.k8s.io"]
    resources: ["pods", "nodes"]
    verbs: ["get", "list", "watch"]

---
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: RoleBinding
metadata:
  labels:
    k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
  name: kubernetes-dashboard
  namespace: kubernetes-dashboard
roleRef:
  apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
  kind: Role
  name: kubernetes-dashboard
subjects:
  - kind: ServiceAccount
    name: kubernetes-dashboard
    namespace: kubernetes-dashboard

---
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: ClusterRoleBinding
metadata:
  name: kubernetes-dashboard
roleRef:
  apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
  kind: ClusterRole
  name: kubernetes-dashboard
subjects:
  - kind: ServiceAccount
    name: kubernetes-dashboard
    namespace: kubernetes-dashboard

---
kind: Deployment
apiVersion: apps/v1
metadata:
  labels:
    k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
  name: kubernetes-dashboard
  namespace: kubernetes-dashboard
spec:
  replicas: 1
  revisionHistoryLimit: 10
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
    spec:
      containers:
        - name: kubernetes-dashboard
          image: kubernetesui/dashboard:v2.3.1
          imagePullPolicy: Always
          ports:
            - containerPort: 8443
              protocol: TCP
          args:
            - --auto-generate-certificates
            - --namespace=kubernetes-dashboard
            # Uncomment the following line to manually specify Kubernetes API server Host
            # If not specified, Dashboard will attempt to auto discover the API server and connect
            # to it. Uncomment only if the default does not work.
            # - --apiserver-host=http://my-address:port
          volumeMounts:
            - name: kubernetes-dashboard-certs
              mountPath: /certs
              # Create on-disk volume to store exec logs
            - mountPath: /tmp
              name: tmp-volume
          livenessProbe:
            httpGet:
              scheme: HTTPS
              path: /
              port: 8443
            initialDelaySeconds: 30
            timeoutSeconds: 30
          securityContext:
            allowPrivilegeEscalation: false
            readOnlyRootFilesystem: true
            runAsUser: 1001
            runAsGroup: 2001
      volumes:
        - name: kubernetes-dashboard-certs
          secret:
            secretName: kubernetes-dashboard-certs
        - name: tmp-volume
          emptyDir: {}
      serviceAccountName: kubernetes-dashboard
      nodeSelector:
        "kubernetes.io/os": linux
      # Comment the following tolerations if Dashboard must not be deployed on master
      tolerations:
        - key: node-role.kubernetes.io/master
          effect: NoSchedule

---
kind: Service
apiVersion: v1
metadata:
  labels:
    k8s-app: dashboard-metrics-scraper
  name: dashboard-metrics-scraper
  namespace: kubernetes-dashboard
spec:
  ports:
    - port: 8000
      targetPort: 8000
  selector:
    k8s-app: dashboard-metrics-scraper

---
kind: Deployment
apiVersion: apps/v1
metadata:
  labels:
    k8s-app: dashboard-metrics-scraper
  name: dashboard-metrics-scraper
  namespace: kubernetes-dashboard
spec:
  replicas: 1
  revisionHistoryLimit: 10
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      k8s-app: dashboard-metrics-scraper
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        k8s-app: dashboard-metrics-scraper
      annotations:
        seccomp.security.alpha.kubernetes.io/pod: "runtime/default"
    spec:
      containers:
        - name: dashboard-metrics-scraper
          image: kubernetesui/metrics-scraper:v1.0.6
          ports:
            - containerPort: 8000
              protocol: TCP
          livenessProbe:
            httpGet:
              scheme: HTTP
              path: /
              port: 8000
            initialDelaySeconds: 30
            timeoutSeconds: 30
          volumeMounts:
            - mountPath: /tmp
              name: tmp-volume
          securityContext:
            allowPrivilegeEscalation: false
            readOnlyRootFilesystem: true
            runAsUser: 1001
            runAsGroup: 2001
      serviceAccountName: kubernetes-dashboard
      nodeSelector:
        "kubernetes.io/os": linux
      # Comment the following tolerations if Dashboard must not be deployed on master
      tolerations:
        - key: node-role.kubernetes.io/master
          effect: NoSchedule
      volumes:
        - name: tmp-volume
          emptyDir: {}

• 设置访问端口

kubectl edit svc kubernetes-dashboard -n kubernetes-dashboard

注意：type: ClusterIP 改为 type: NodePort

kubectl get svc -A |grep kubernetes-dashboard
## 找到端口，在安全组放行

访问：https://集群任意 IP:端口 （https://139.198.165.238:32323）

• 创建访问账号

# 准备一个yaml文件
vi dash.yaml

apiVersion: v1
kind: ServiceAccount
metadata:
  name: admin-user
  namespace: kubernetes-dashboard
---
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: ClusterRoleBinding
metadata:
  name: admin-user
roleRef:
  apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
  kind: ClusterRole
  name: cluster-admin
subjects:
  - kind: ServiceAccount
    name: admin-user
    namespace: kubernetes-dashboard

kubectl apply -f dash.yaml

• 令牌访问

#获取访问令牌
kubectl -n kubernetes-dashboard get secret $(kubectl -n kubernetes-dashboard get sa/admin-user -o jsonpath="{.secrets[0].name}") -o go-template="{{.data.token | base64decode}}"